Pralhad Venkatesh Joshi
(Hon'ble Cabinet Minister)
Shripad Yesso Naik
(Hon'ble Minister of State)

What's New

December-09-24
List of Bidders after Envelope-1 opening: RfS for Setting up Production Facilities for Green Hydrogen in India under SIGHT Scheme (Mode-1-Tranche-II)


December-06-24
Envelope-I bid opening: RfS for Setting up Production Facilities for Green Hydrogen in India under SIGHT Scheme (Mode-1-Tranche-II)


Becoming a Global Hydrogen Hub

The achievement of Mission objectives requires a comprehensive strategy that coordinates efforts across multiple sectors. The Mission strategy accordingly comprises interventions for: (i) demand creation by making Green Hydrogen produced in India competitive for exports and through domestic consumption. (ii) addressing supply side constraints through an incentive framework, and (iii) building an enabling ecosystem to support scaling and development. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has been supporting a broad-based Research Development and Demonstration programme on green hydrogen. Projects are supported in industrial, academic and research institutions to address challenges in production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources, its safe and efficient storage, and its utilization for energy requirements and transport applications through combustion or fuel cells.



Production Pathways

Hydrogen is considered as the second most important form of energy carrier next to electricity.

It is the most abundant element on the earth and can be found in water, organic compounds, and hydrides. Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of feedstocks. These include fossil resources, such as natural gas, oil and coal, as well as renewable resources. Green hydrogen can be produced by water splitting through electrolysis using electricity generated by renewable energy sources or from biomass. Green hydrogen and renewable carbon e.g. from biomass are the feedstock for green methanol. Green hydrogen and nitrogen from the air are the feedstock for green ammonia production. Especially green hydrogen and green ammonia are envisaged to be the future fuels to replace fossil fuels.

Technologies

Green hydrogen is produced with electrolysers using renewable electricity to split water (H2O) into its components hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). Green hydrogen then can then either be used directly or can be processed further through synthesis processes into green ammonia, green methanol or other e-fuels.

Hydrogen can also be produced from biomass also, using thermochemical, biological and electrochemical processes. Thermochemical processes with gasification and pyrolysis routes have a higher Technology Readiness Level as compared to other routes.


Through Haber-Bosch synthesis, the green hydrogen is combined with nitrogen (N2) from the air and converted into green ammonia (NH3), a key feedstock for fertiliser production, but also used in chemical industry or possibly as fuel in maritime shipping. Through the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, green hydrogen is combined with carbon monoxide (CO) to form a variety of hydrocarbons, or a kind of synthetic crude oil often called syn-crude. Such syn-crude can be turned into specific fuels, such as jet-fuel for aircrafts (Power-to-Liquid, PtL). In order to be carbon neutral, the carbon used should either stem from non-fossil, renewable sources, such as direct air capture (DAC) and biogenic sources, or be recycled from unavoidable industrial point sources (Carbon-Capture and Use, CCU).

Applications

Green Hydrogen will finally have to replace conventional grey hydrogen in a variety of products mainly based on hydrogen, ammonia, or methanol. The main consumers of grey hydrogen are the fertiliser and petrochemical industry. Green hydrogen can also be used to decarbonise steel, cement, aluminium, and glass production. Green hydrogen can be burned and used for space and water heating wherever this cannot be achieved through direct use of electricity. Green hydrogen can serve as a substitute for natural gas in power generation in hydrogen gas turbines. The conversion of renewable energy into synthetic fuels and other chemicals based on green hydrogen will finally allow the use of green energy in shipping and aviation as well as in the chemical industry and other hard to abate sectors.

MNRE